The scarlet thread and the scapegoat The Scarlet Thread: Scripture or Tradition? The so-called scarlet thread associated with the scapegoat—often said to turn white when Israel’s sins were forgiven—is frequently cited in theological discussions. However, this concept does not originate in Scripture. It is a later tradition, developed within post-biblical Read more…
The God of Jesus and the Identity of Israel’s God Introduction Who is the God of Jesus? The New Testament repeatedly states that Jesus has a God — and that God is the Father. Trinitarian theology argues that this presents no difficulty because Jesus has two natures: He is 100% Read more…
Kurie Kurie is Jesus YHVH “Lord, Lord” — Does Luke 6:46 Prove Jesus Is YHWH? One argument sometimes presented in defense of Jesus’ deity is based on the phrase κύριε κύριε (“Lord, Lord”) in Luke 6:46. It is claimed that because the Greek Septuagint sometimes uses κύριε κύριε when addressing Read more…
The Visibility of the Son Before the Incarnation A Theological Tension in Trinitarian Thought Introduction Classical Trinitarian theology affirms two core claims: God, in His divine essence, is invisible. The Son (prior to the Incarnation) appeared in the Old Testament as the Angel of the LORD. Individually, both claims are Read more…
James White unitarian assumption Sola Scriptura and the Problem of a “Revealed” Trinity Why “Unitarians Assume Unitarianism” Misses the Real Issue Introduction: The Charge and the Real Question A frequent argument raised by leading Trinitarian apologists—especially Dr. James White of Alpha and Omega Ministries—is that Unitarians “assume Unitarianism.” The claim Read more…
The Misuse of Textual Criticism Introduction: When Scholarship Becomes a Buffet In modern theological debate—particularly in popular apologetics—it has become common to hear appeals to “the Greek,” “the earliest manuscripts,” “the Septuagint,” or “what the Critical Text says,” as though invoking these terms automatically settles the issue. But beneath the Read more…
The Father as YHWH: A Canonical Argument from the Old Testament One of the most foundational claims of the Hebrew Scriptures is that there is only one God. But when we carefully examine the Old Testament’s own language, we find something even more specific: The one God of Israel is Read more…
Johns After the Fact Language: How the Gospel Reads Earlier Events Through the Lens of Resurrection One of the most important keys for reading the Gospel of John responsibly is recognizing how John tells time. John is not merely a diarist recording events as though he were trapped inside the Read more…
My Lord and my God Thomas’s Demand for Sight and the Meaning of His Confession Thomas’s declaration in John 20:28 cannot be understood apart from what immediately precedes it. His words are not spontaneous metaphysics; they are the resolution of doubt. Thomas’s Condition for Belief After the other disciples report Read more…
The Biblical meaning of Ousia Οὐσία (Ousia) from Property to “Substance”: A Lexical, Biblical, and Historical Investigation from Classical Greek to Nicaea Introduction Few Greek words have carried as much doctrinal weight in Christian theology as οὐσία. At the Council of Nicaea (AD 325), the confession that the Son is Read more…